|
Douglas Hancock Cooper Johnston (13 October 1856 – 28 June 1939), also known as "Douglas Henry Johnston", was Governor of the Chickasaw Nation from 1898 to 1902 and from 1904 to 1939. In office, he was notable for ratifying the Atoka Agreement and for defending the tribe against claims for more money. Prior to his election as Governor, he was the Superintendent of the Bloomfield Academy. From 1902 to 1904 he served in the Chickasaw Senate. President Theodore Roosevelt reappointed him as Governor of the Chickasaws after the Dawes Act terminated trial governments in Indian Territory. ==Family background== Johnston, the mixed-race son of "Colonel" John Johnston, Sr, (? – ?) and of Mary Ann Cheadle Walker (Chickasaw, 1818 – c.1863) was born in Skullyville, Indian Territory, at a time when it was the capital of the Choctaw Nation. In the Chickasaw matrilineal kinship system, children were considered born into their mother's clan and took their status from her. Johnston's name is sometimes given as "Douglas ''Henry'' Johnston",〔Williams, Chad; ("Johnston, Douglas Henry (1856-1939)", ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture'' ). Accessed on 22 April 2007.〕 but he was named for General Douglas ''Hancock'' Cooper. He had two elder brothers, William Worth Johnston and Franklin Pierce Johnston, and one younger, Napoleon Bonapart John Johnston acquired the title "Colonel" during the Seminole Wars. He had been a land speculator and a lawyer in Mississippi before going to Indian Territory. Johnston had migrated with the "Six Town" Choctaw from Mississippi, leaving a wife (Jane Bettis, from whom there is no record of divorce) and six children. According to Cornish, Colonel Johnston was closely related to the Confederate generals, Albert Sidney Johnston and Joseph E. Johnston.〔 In Indian Territory, Johnston had a relationship with Mary Ann Cheadle (1818 – c.1863), the mixed-race daughter of Thomas Fleming Cheadle, a European American, and of Betsy Kemp, a Chickasaw of mixed ancestry. There is no legal record of a marriage between Johnston and Mary Cheadle. Mary's brother, James Stuart Cheadle, served variously as a Circuit Judge of the Chickasaw Nation; a County Judge of Tobocksy, Choctaw Nation; and an appointed commissioner on the part of the Choctaw to negotiate with the Chickasaw. Mary's first husband, Lewis Walker, was a Choctaw of mixed race; he was the brother of Chief Tandy Walker, who served a year as governor of the nation and later as a lieutenant colonel during the American Civil War.〔("Tandy Walker" ), Choctaw Nation, 2010〕 She later married Isaac Moncrief. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Douglas H. Johnston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|